{"id":6,"date":"2013-06-07T16:47:39","date_gmt":"2013-06-07T16:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/?page_id=6"},"modified":"2021-04-06T14:32:24","modified_gmt":"2021-04-06T18:32:24","slug":"biography","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/biography\/","title":{"rendered":"Bradish Johnson Biography"},"content":{"rendered":"

The history of Bradish Johnson according to Wikipedia:<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bradish_Johnson<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bradish Johnson<\/b>\u00a0(April 22, 1811 \u2013 November 3, 1892) was an\u00a0American<\/a>\u00a0industrialist. He owned plantations and\u00a0sugar refineries<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Louisiana<\/a>\u00a0and a largedistillery<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0New York City<\/a>. In 1858 his distillery was at the heart of a scandal when an expos\u00e9 in a weekly magazine accused it (and other distilleries) of producing altered and unsafe milk, called “swill<\/a>\u00a0milk”, for sale to the public. The swill milk scandal helped to create the demand for\u00a0consumer protection laws<\/a>\u00a0in the United States.<\/p>\n

Early life and education<\/span><\/p>\n

Bradish Johnson’s father, William M. Johnson, was a sea captain from\u00a0Nova Scotia<\/a>. In 1795 he purchased land in\u00a0Plaquemines Parish<\/a>, Louisiana, along with a partner, also from Nova Scotia, named George Bradish. The partners built a sugar plantation there called “Magnolia”, where they settled and began to produce sugar. In the 1830s, William Johnson moved his family to a new plantation four miles further up the Mississippi River, in\u00a0Pointe \u00e0 la Hache, Louisiana<\/a>. He named his new plantation “Woodland”.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Bradish Johnson, born in 1811, was the third of four sons. He was named after his father’s business partner, George Bradish. By 1820, Captain William Johnson had also begun purchasing property on the West side of\u00a0Manhattan<\/a>\u00a0and had gone into the distillery and sugar refining business in New York. Bradish Johnson, who was born in Louisiana, attended\u00a0Columbia College<\/a>\u00a0in New York City, graduating in the class of 1831.[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Business<\/h2>\n

Johnson started out as a partner in the distilling company William Johnson and Sons. After his father’s death, he went into business with a man named Moses Lazarus as Johnson and Lazarus. Upon the retirement of Lazarus, the firm was renamed Bradish Johnson and Sons. The Johnsons owned several properties, including a distillery at 244 Washington Street. The largest facility occupied two city blocks near the\u00a0Hudson River<\/a>, from Ninth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue between 15th and 16th Streets. The distillery was east of Tenth Avenue, while the cow barns and dairy were located west of Tenth.<\/p>\n

Through his distilleries and his investments in real estate, Johnson became very wealthy. He became one of the directors of the\u00a0Chemical Bank<\/a>\u00a0of New York when it was rechartered in 1844. He served as a director for the next twenty years.[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Johnson was an innovator in the sugar industry, and his refinery was the first to “successfully make use of centrifugal machines in the manufacture of sugar”.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Johnson inherited\u00a0Woodland Plantation<\/a>\u00a0from one of his brothers before the Civil War. He eventually purchased a number of other plantations in the area: Pointe Celeste, Bellevue, and the Orange Farm. He also acquired two plantations above New Orleans which he renamed after his married daughters:\u00a0Whitney Plantation<\/a>\u00a0and Carroll Plantation.[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

When Johnson’s estate was settled in 1900, it included 31 pieces of New York real estate, which together added up to 78 acres. All the lots were purchased by a corporation formed by his heirs for a total of $4,769,100.[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

“Swill milk” scandal<\/h2>\n
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A 19th century illustration of “swill milk” being produced: a sickly cow being milked while held up by ropes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Main article:\u00a0Swill milk scandal<\/a><\/div>\n

The Johnson & Lazarus distillery at 16th Street was the subject of a famous\u00a0muckraking<\/a>\u00a0expos\u00e9 by\u00a0Frank Leslie\u2019s Illustrated Newspaper<\/a><\/i>\u00a0in 1858.[5]<\/a><\/sup>Distilleries in 19th century New York had to dispose of the tons of organic waste they generated, and their solution was to feed the still hot mash to hundreds of sick old cows and then sell the milk. The cows were crowded into filthy stables, and were so sickly that some of them were reportedly held up by slings. The milk, referred to as “swill milk<\/a>“, was often cut with water and then thickened with chalk or flour. Swill milk was accused of being a major cause of infant mortality \u2014 it was sold from pushcarts all over the city, advertised, e.g., as farm-fresh milk from\u00a0Orange County<\/a>.\u00a0[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Johnson was a supporter of the\u00a0Tammany Hall<\/a>\u00a0politician Alderman\u00a0Michael Tuomey<\/a>, known as “Butcher Mike”. Tuomey defended the distillers vigorously throughout the scandal \u2014 in fact, he was put in charge of the Board of Health investigation.\u00a0Frank Leslie\u2019s Illustrated Newspaper<\/i>\u00a0staked out Johnson’s mansion at 21st and Broadway, and reported that in the midst of the investigation, Tuomey was observed making late night visits. The Board of Health exonerated the distillers, but public outcry led to the passage of the first food safety laws in the form of milk regulations in 1862.[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Civil War years<\/h2>\n

Petitioning Lincoln [edit<\/a>]<\/h3>\n

In 1863 Johnson took a leading part in the “Conservative Unionists”, a group of businessmen with interests in the South who wanted occupied Louisiana let back into the Union with her 1852 constitution intact. They claimed that the state constitution had not been dissolved and the secession was illegal, so the President should allow the state back into the Union with slavery intact. Johnson and two other plantation owners made their argument in a letter to President Lincoln, reinforced by a personal visit. Lincoln was not impressed. In his dismissive response, he wrote “I do not perceive how such committal could facilitate our military operations in Louisiana, I really apprehend it might be so used as to embarrass them.”[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Johnson v. Dow[edit<\/a>]<\/h3>\n

In 1863 Johnson brought a suit against a Union general. The suit claimed that in 1862 the occupying Union Army, under the command of General\u00a0Neal S. Dow<\/a>\u00a0of the 13th Maine Regiment, ‘took from Johnson’s plantation twenty-five hogsheads of sugar, plundered the dwelling-house hereon and took one silver pitcher, one-half dozen silver knives, one-half dozen silver spoons, one fish knife, one-half dozen silver teaspoons and other articles.’<\/p>\n

Johnson presented himself as a loyal citizen of the Union, residing in New York, who had simply been robbed by the Union Army. He was awarded $1750 in damages by the court. When Dow failed to pay him, he sued Dow in Dow’s home state of Maine after the war. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, which handed down a decision in 1876 against Johnson, pointing out that his holdings were in conquered territory during a time of war, and that it would be very hard to engage in warfare if the enemy could sue for damages. “Johnson v. Dow” became a hot topic of debate during the heated\u00a0Tilden-Hayes Presidential election of 1876<\/a>, as the country tried to figure out the confusing nature of the status of the defeated Confederate states.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Woodland described<\/h3>\n

In 1863 the Union Army’s “Office of Negro Labor” was sent to Woodland to investigate conditions there. They found that on the plantation “great ill feeling and discontent” existed. The slaves begged to be given permission to enlist in the Union Army. They complained that their rations were “unfairly curtailed” by the overseer and that he was “lecherous toward their women”. After the inspectors had left, the overseer is said to have “harangued the Negroes, boasted of his unlimited power over them,” and “used seditious and insulting language” towards the Union.[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0This report presents a very different picture from the one that appeared in Johnson’s\u00a0New York Times<\/i>\u00a0obituary and in the official history of the Chemical Corn Exchange Bank, which claimed that he had freed his slaves prior to the\u00a0Emancipation Proclamation<\/a>.[1]<\/a><\/sup>[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Personal life<\/h2>\n
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The Bradish Johnson House, New Orleans<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Johnson married a New Yorker named Louisa Anna Lawrence around 1834. Together they had ten children. Their New York residence was located near fashionable\u00a0Madison Square<\/a>, at 21st Street on the short block between Broadway and Fifth Avenue.[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0In 1874 Johnson retired from business in New York and moved to New Orleans, where he had a new Italianate mansion built in the\u00a0Garden District<\/a>\u00a0at 2343 Prytania Street. The house is now home to the Louise S.\u00a0McGehee School<\/a>. The family also had an estate at\u00a0Bayshore<\/a>, in East Islip, on the South Shore of Long Island, NY, which is where Johnson died on November 3, 1892.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Legacy<\/h2>\n

After Johnson retired to New Orleans, his house at 21st and Broadway was home to the\u00a0Lotos Club<\/a>. In 1918 the Johnson heirs had an office building erected on the site. The building, at 921\u2013925 Broadway, is called the Bradish Johnson Building.[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

An image of “Woodland” was used on the logo of the liqueur\u00a0Southern Comfort<\/a>\u00a0from 1934 to 2001.[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Since 1997 the site of the Johnson & Lazarus distillery at 16th Street and Ninth Avenue, later the factory of\u00a0National Biscuit Company<\/a>, has been home to Chelsea Market<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The house at\u00a0Woodland Plantation<\/a>\u00a0has been listed on the\u00a0National Register of Historic Places<\/a> since 1998 and is operated as a bed and breakfast.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The history of Bradish Johnson according to Wikipedia:\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bradish_Johnson Bradish Johnson\u00a0(April 22, 1811 \u2013 November 3, 1892) was an\u00a0American\u00a0industrialist. He owned plantations and\u00a0sugar refineries\u00a0in\u00a0Louisiana\u00a0and a largedistillery\u00a0in\u00a0New York City. In 1858 his distillery was at the heart of a scandal when an expos\u00e9 in a weekly magazine accused it (and other distilleries) of producing altered and unsafe milk, called “swill\u00a0milk”, for sale Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"page-subpage.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1729,"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions\/1729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bradishjohnson.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}